A preliminary analysis of a functional model of assessment. About 2 per cent of all schoolaged children experience school refusal. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate the construct validity of the child version of the school refusal assessment scale revised srasr in a community sample of low socioeconomic status, urban, african american fifth and sixth graders n. School refusal assessment scale revised c children sometimes have di. Refusal to participate in a reasonable alternative consequence. Separate child and parent versions were developed, and items are rated on a 7point likerttype scale from never 0 to always 6. Addressed deficiencies of traditional classification approaches to school refusal behavior through the development of the school refusal assessment scale sras. School refusal assessment scale revised srasr psychtools. We would also like to acknowledge the school refusal assessment scale by kearney and silverman 1988 as a useful source of material in devising structured interviews with parents and young people. Children and adolescents who school refuse can very quickly become entrenched in a longterm pattern of school refusal, which can have major longterm impacts for them and their family.
This tool should be beneficial to complete and then share with school and professionals. School assessment tool reflection matrix elements of the school assessment tool pages 511 4. School refusal is a serious issue and needs to be managed early, as long absences mean that children miss out on important parts of the curriculum. The functional assessment of school refusal behavior eric. Testing factorial invariance and latent means differences. School refusal assessment scale revised sras r the school refusal assessment scale sras was first constructed by kearney and silverman 1993 and then revised in 2002 kearney. A functional model to guide classification, assessment, and. Solutions to school refusal for parents and kids mdedge. Results indicated child and parent versions of the scale to be reliable across time and.
School refusal occurs when a student will not go to school or frequently experiences severe distress related to school attendance. Fairfax county public schools, unified scale, available at. Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal. School refusal assessment scalerevised p oxford clinical. If your child has been showing signs of school refusal for a while, you might be ready to contact a mental health professional for help accessing this type of support is a good thing, as a mental health professional can conduct a full evaluation of your childs situation and offer valuable. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment. Assessment daytoday functioning 2530 questionably significant if clinical signs of cognitive impairment are present, formal assessment of. This scale has been reported to have high reliability and validity.
School refusal is a more serious condition than separation anxiety. How often does your child have bad feelings about school for example, scared, nervous, or sad when heshe thinks about school on saturday and sunday. In this interview, everybody is asked the same questions, so please bear with me if any of them seem odd or inappropriate. The school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr is a selfreport. Empirical treatment involves a collaborative approach of cognitive and behavioural therapies involving the child, parents, and school.
How often does your child have bad feelings about going to school because heshe is afraid of something related to school for example. The school refusal assessment scale was developed by christopher kearney and wendy silverman. The initial version of the school refusal assessment scale consisted of 16. Selfassessment of skill level skill areas 5 4 3 2 1. These included specific fearfulnessgeneral overanxiousness, escape from aversive. Please select the answer that best fits the following questions. Management of school refusal involves ruling out organic causes and assessing contributing factors, such as anxiety and depression. Measures the school refusal assessment scale revised for children srasrc. The functional assessment of school refusal behavior. The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and latent means differences of the spanish version of the school refusal assessment scale revised for children srasrc in a sample. School refusal assessment scale table 6, online23 includes a child, parent, and teacher form and examines school refusal in correlation to negative and positive reinforcers. School refusal assessment scale avoidance of stimuli provoking negative affectivity 1.
Self assessment of skill level please indicate your perception of your level of ability in each area using the following scale. Scoring and interpretation of the srasr scoring the srasr is based on a 06 scale, with each question being scored as follows based on participant response. Intervention strategies to engage students and parents struggling with school anxiety school refusal patrick mcgrath phd school anxiety school refusal program alexian. Total scores may be computed by adding the scores of each of four functions on. Other instruments to evaluate school refusal have been proposed to assess this construct, such as the scale feelings of school avoidance.
Some children feel badly at school, some have trouble with other people, some just want to be with their family, and others like to do things that are more fun outside of school. The department of education shall employ a fulltime physical education coordinator to provide guidance and technical assistance to districts, community schools, and stem schools in implementing the physical education standards adopted under this division. Pdf confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal. Please circle the answer that best fits the following questions. School refusal behavior encompasses all subsets of problematic absenteeism, such as truancy, school phobia, and separation anxiety. Caitlin cook university of nevada, las vegas school refusal behavior is a difficult problem faced by many parents, educators, and mental health professionals. Moving f rom assessment to treatment of school refusal b. Moving from assessment to treatment of school refusal.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the school refusal assessment scale revised in an african american community sample. School refusal behavior refers to childmotivated refusal to attend school andor. The scale identifies maintaining variables of school refusal behavior, including dimensions of negative and positive reinforcement. Symptoms continued never occasionally often very often 33. Intervention strategies to engage students and parents. This article reports on the successful treatment of a 12yearold boy who received prescriptive treatment for multifunction school refusal behavior. Case study of the assessment and treatment of a youth with. The psychogeriatric assessment scales i am going to ask you some questions about your medical history and how you are managing. The school refusal assessment scale table 6, online 23 includes a child, parent, and teacher form and examines school refusal in correlation to negative and positive reinforcers. There is still limited support for the 4factor model inherent to the sras and its revision srasr. Adapted srasr 2 abstract the school refusal assessment scale sras was developed to identify four factors that might maintain a youths school attendance problem sap and thus be targeted in treatment.
The school refusal assessment scale article pdf available in journal of clinical child psychology 221. School refusal in children and adolescents american. The srasr is the bestresearched measure of school refusal behavior in youth and typically. How often does your child have bad feelings about going to school because heshe is afraid of something re. School refusal can have a negative impact on multiple areas of functioning.
School anxiety and refusal affect 25 percent of children, and often occurs between the ages of 5 to 6, and. The treatment was assigned in accordance with a set assessment strategy designed to identify the primary reasons why a particular child refuses to attend school. The school refusal assessment scale is an evidence based assessment tool designed to evaluate school refusal disorder symptoms in children and identify their reasons for avoiding school. Outcome statement outcome statements provide schools with guidance about the types of practices and behaviours. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate the construct validity of the child version of the school refusal assessment scalerevised srasr in a community sample of low socioeconomic status ses, urban, african american, fifth and sixth graders n 174. How often do you have bad feelings about going to school because you are afraid of. The team met regularly to assess the needs of students at risk for court. Be sure that a complete physical examination has been conducted to eliminate any organic cause for. Article information, pdf download for school refusal assessment. Table 6 items from the school refusal assessment scale revised.
Descriptive functional assessment of school refusal behavior. The superintendent of public instruction shall determine that the person employed as coordinator is qualified for the position, as. School refusal is a behaviour that can be associated with a range of family and school factors accompanied by anxiety, sadness or depression, physical symptoms and social isolation. Pdf measuring the function of school refusal behavior.
School refusal is not truancy, but both are serious behavioural problems that can have detrimental consequences. Examine ratings from versions of the school refusal assessment scale the first recommended step toward understanding the fun ctional profile of a particular child with school refusal behavior is to examine ratings from child and parent versions of the school refusal assessment scale revised edition. Children sometimes have different reasons for not going to school. The modified minimental state examination 7 excerpt from ian mcdowell, measuring health. Click here to edit subtitle over the years, parents have been uncertain about their childs issues, unaware of severity and in some cases pushed into denial by non believers. The selfefficacy questionnaire for school situations. School refusal assessment scalerevised chilean version. Sras the initial version of the school refusal assessment scale consisted of 16 items, 4 for each functional condition mentioned earlier. Moving from assessment to treatment of school refusal behavior in youth christopher a. The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and latent means differences of the spanish version of the school refusal assessment scale revised for children srasrc in a sample of 1,078 students 50. Comprehensive treatment of school refusal, including psychiatric and medical evaluation when appropriate, is important since studies show that psychiatric disorders are the cause for a large percentage of students who fail to complete high school in the united states. Finding out whats happening at school is critical to understanding school refusal. School refusal assessment scalerevised oxford clinical. Stages of engagement the three stages, developing, building, sustaining, within each dimension represent a continuum of engagement.
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